ADHD 증후군과 Autism

Children with ADHD

ADHD Kids Before and After

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD or AD/HD or ADD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder. It is primarily characterized by "the co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity, with each behavior occurring infrequently alone" and symptoms starting before seven years of age.

ADHD증후군

주의력이 떨어지고 행동이 너무 부산해 학교생활이나 공부 등 정상적인 생활이 불가능해진다. 유전적 혹은 뇌의 생화학적 이상 등이 원인인데 여자보다 남자가 3~4배 정도 많다. 대체로 초등학교 1~2학년의 3~4%, 3~4학년의 2~3% 정도에게 나타난다. 많은 부모가 학년이 올라가면 좋아진다고 믿으며, 실제로도 그렇다. ADHD가 성인까지 이어질 확률은 20% 정도다. 건양대병원 소아정신과 박진균 교수는 “그러나 증상이 나타나는 짧은 기간 동안의 합병증 때문에 아이의 인생이나 진로가 바뀔 수 있다”며 “유치원 선생으로부터 ‘통제가 안 되는 아이’라는 말을 들은 적이 있거나, 부모 생각에도 제 아이가 좀 유별나게 부산하거나 집중력이 떨어진다면 ADHD를 의심하고 진찰을 받아봐야 한다”고 말했다.

ADHD의 합병증은 학업에 대한 관심 상실, 친구와의 교제 기회 상실, 자신감의 결여, 반항 또는 비행(非行) 등이다. 심한 경우 우울증이나 불안증 같은 정신질환으로 연결될 수 있다. 치료를 위해서는 부모 교육, 그룹인지행동치료, 약물치료 등이 필요하다. 삼성서울병원 정신과 정유숙 교수는 “부모가 아이를 정신과로 데려올 정도로 증상이 심하다면 60~70%는 약물치료를 받아야 한다”며 “부모가 아이를 심하게 꾸짖거나 아이와 싸움에 휘말리면 증상이 더 심해지므로 아이의 긍정적인 행동을 유도하는 부모 역할에 대한 교육을 꼭 받아야 한다”고 말했다.

출처: http://kin.naver.com/openkr/detail.nhn?docId=45927



내 생각

미국에선 큰 병 뿐만 아니라 이런 작은 병도 숨기지 않고 정신적치료나 약물치료를 받는 것을 쉽게 볼 수 있다. 몇년 전에 한 고등학생이 시합 후에 저녁을 먹고 운전을 하고 가다 브레이크를 잡지 못해서 차안에 있던 친구들이 죽고 다치는 꽤 큰 사고가 있었는데 사고 원인을 알 수가 없었다. 결국 그 아이가 우울증을 극복하기 위해 약물치료를 받고 있던 중이었다는 것이 정상 참작이 되었다. 특수약물을 복용한뒤나 특수검사를 받은 뒤에 운전을 할 수 없게 되어 있는 경우도 있다.

Autistic Child Has an Outburst | This Is Autism

남의 이야기지만 남의 이야기 같지 않다. 20초 정도에 이 어머니가 하는 말을 들어보자.

2016/1/27 업데이트 하면서 이 비디오를 올린다.

날마다 감사하면서 살아가자.

What Is Autism? What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. They include autistic disorder, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome. With the May 2013 publication of the new DSM-5 diagnostic manual, these autism subtypes will be merged into one umbrella diagnosis of ASD.

ASD can be associated with intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination and attention and physical health issues such as sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances. Some persons with ASD excel in visual skills, music, math and art.

Autism appears to have its roots in very early brain development. However, the most obvious signs of autism and symptoms of autism tend to emerge between 2 and 3 years of age. Autism Speaks continues to fund research on effective methods for earlier diagnosis, as early intervention with proven behavioral therapies can improve outcomes. Increasing autism awareness is a key aspect of this work and one in which our families and volunteers play an invaluable role.

What Is Autism?

How Common Is Autism?

Autism statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identify around 1 in 88 American children as on the autism spectrum–a ten-fold increase in prevalence in 40 years. Careful research shows that this increase is only partly explained by improved diagnosis and awareness. Studies also show that autism is four to five times more common among boys than girls. An estimated 1 out of 54 boys and 1 in 252 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States. ASD affects over 2 million individuals in the U.S. and tens of millions worldwide. Moreover, government autism statistics suggest that prevalence rates have increased 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years. There is no established explanation for this continuing increase, although improved diagnosis and environmental influences are two reasons often considered.

What Causes Autism?

Not long ago, the answer to this question would have been “we have no idea.” Research is now delivering the answers. First and foremost, we now know that there is no one cause of autism just as there is no one type of autism. Over the last five years, scientists have identified a number of rare gene changes, or mutations, associated with autism. A small number of these are sufficient to cause autism by themselves. Most cases of autism, however, appear to be caused by a combination of autism risk genes and environmental factors influencing early brain development.

In the presence of a genetic predisposition to autism, a number of nongenetic, or “environmental,” stresses appear to further increase a child’s risk. The clearest evidence of these autism risk factors involves events before and during birth. They include advanced parental age at time of conception (both mom and dad), maternal illness during pregnancy and certain difficulties during birth, particularly those involving periods of oxygen deprivation to the baby’s brain. It is important to keep in mind that these factors, by themselves, do not cause autism. Rather, in combination with genetic risk factors, they appear to modestly increase risk.

A growing body of research suggests that a woman can reduce her risk of having a child with autism by taking prenatal vitamins containing folic acid and/or eating a diet rich in folic acid (at least 600 mcg a day) during the months before and after conception.  

Increasingly, researchers are looking at the role of the immune system in autism. Autism Speaks is working to increase awareness and investigation of these and other issues, where further research has the potential to improve the lives of those who struggle with autism.

2013. 8. 업데이트 하면서 아래 글을 올린다. 토론토에서 발생한 일인데 이웃에 오티즘에 걸린 아이의 어머니에게 잔혹한 편지를 쓴 이웃이 있었다. 불평을 할 자유도 있다고 하지만 지나칠 경우엔 자유를 억압하게된다.
언젠가 골목길을 차를 몰고 가는데 앞에 차가 막혀서 꼼짝 못하고 있어서 보니 장애자 아이를 싣고 내리는 차가 앞에 있었다. 밤에도 잠을 안자고 소리를 지르고 대낮에는 온 동네를 개처럼 뛰어다니던 아이네가 이사를 간다고 이웃에 사는 어머니가 내 손을 잡았을때 나는 진심으로 그 어머니에게 미안한 마음이 들었다. 너무 시끄럽고 정신이 없어서 우리가 이사를 가야겠다고 생각을 하고 있었기 때문이다. 아버지의 직장 때문에 타주로 이사를 했는데 잘 살고 있을지 모르겠다. 자기네 가족을 위해 기도를 해달라고 하던 그 엄마의 선한 눈망울이 눈에 선하다. 매일 밤마다 제대로 잠을 자지 못했을 아래의 잔혹한 편지를 쓴 이웃도 나쁘다고만 볼 것이 아니라 이해하는 마음도 필요하다. 하나님은 우리를 완벽하지 않게 만드시고 우리를 보고 계시다.

Family Of Boy With Autism Receives Shockingly Offensive Letter (PHOTO)

The Huffington Post  |  By Meredith Bennett-Smith   

Posted: 08/19/2013 3:40 pm EDT  |  Updated: 08/20/2013 9:21 am EDT

A disturbing letter targeting a teen with autism has shaken the boy's family and rallied the local community to their defense.  The anonymous note was sent to 13-year-old Max's grandmother's house in Newcastle, Ontario, on Friday. Signed, "One pissed off mother," the letter refers to Max as a neighborhood "nuisance," "retarded" and a "dreadful" noise polluter. A photo of the letter was tweeted over the weekend by YouTube stars Lennon and Maisy, who identify themselves as family friends.  "Personally, they should take whatever non retarded [sic] body parts he possesses and donate it to science. What the hell else good is he to anyone!!!" the letter reads. "Do the right thing and move or euthanize him!! Either way we are ALL better off!!!"

 disturbing letter targeting a teen with autism has shaken the boy's family and rallied the local community to their defense.  The anonymous note was sent to 13-year-old Max's grandmother's house in Newcastle, Ontario, on Friday. Signed, "One pissed off mother," the letter refers to Max as a neighborhood "nuisance," "retarded" and a "dreadful" noise polluter. A photo of the letter was tweeted over the weekend by YouTube stars Lennon and Maisy, who identify themselves as family friends.  "Personally, they should take whatever non retarded [sic] body parts he possesses and donate it to science. What the hell else good is he to anyone!!!" the letter reads. "Do the right thing and move or euthanize him!! Either way we are ALL better off!!!"

참고: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/19/karla-begley-autistic-letter-teen_n_3780378.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular

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posted by Sunny in New York